LARCH ROAD, TRACY PROJECT CA-SJO-354

Two prehistoric burials, Site No. CVU3035 (CA-SJO-354) were recovered by D&D Osteological Services, LLC in July and August 2014. Each burial was carefully recovered, temporarily bagged and boxed, cleaned on-site, and recorded on skeletal inventory sheets, and transferred daily to and from the site by the Native American Monitor. At the end of the on-site recovery and recording, the Native American Monitor transferred the human remains to a facility in Linden, California to hold until reburial at a date to be specified.
METHODOLOGY: On-Site Process
Each of the recovered burials was processed by D&D Osteological Services, LLC staff archaeologists/osteologists on-site at CA-SJO-354. The burials were first cleaned by using dry toothbrushes, dental picks, and wooden skewers to remove the majority of the adhered soil matrix from the elements. A small amount of water was used for cleaning to remove the remaining soil from elements. All soil removed from the elements was collected and bagged for reburial with the individuals.

The specific procedure for handling and cleaning elements:

• Each of the elements were carefully removed from paper bags.
• The elements were then dry brushed with a toothbrush or small paint brush to remove loose soil matrix from the element followed by a wooden implement to remove matrix adhered to the surface.
• Once the majority of the soil was removed, a damp toothbrush was used to clean the cortex of the bone over a wire strainer.
• Once the elements were cleaned they were placed either in a drying screen (1/8") or on a paper towel that was anchored down to reduce the possibility of movement.
• When the skeletal remains were dry, they were placed in either their original or new paper bags.
• New bags were labeled with the same information written on the previous bags plus the initials of the D&D Osteological Services, LLC personnel working with the burial

SAN JOSE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM,
L.P. - REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER OF SAN JOSE PROJECT CA-SCL-923
In consultation with the client and tribal MLD, D&D Osteological Serices, LLC was contracted for the archaeological data burial recovery program. Monitoring during excavation and analysis of the recovered skeletal remains was conducted by the MLD's representative.. As part of the D&D agreement, the skeletal remains recovered during excavation would be transported by the monitor, to a location designated by the MLD, for preservation until repatriation of the individual(s).

D&D Osteological Services, LLC was contracted to recover the skeletal elements of what was initially thought to be a single internment (Burial #1). Before excavation and recovery of the burial could be started, the trench was enlarged an additional foot on all sides removing the asphalt layer from the site (Figure 3). The serpentine layer was removed by D&D personnel with the material first transferred onto tarps, then screened through 1/4 inch screens to recover any skeletal remains mixed throughout this level (Figures 4).

To comply with OSHA regulations while working within the serpentine layer, D&D personnel and the Native American monitor were required to wear half face respirators and tyvex suits with the hand and foot openings taped more securely. Two air monitors for measuring the asbestos levels were used during the first two days of excavation. One of the monitors was worn by D&D personnel to assess the level of exposure to asbestos. The other air monitor was placed downwind of the excavation unit to collect any measureable amounts moved by wind currents. After the second day of monitoring the air quality, the measureable level of asbestos was considerably below the level of concern which allowed freedom from these precautions.

EXCAVATION OF THE COUNTY INFIRMARY CEMETERY AT SANTA CLARA VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
A thorough osteological analysis was completed for each individual following excavation. A separate laboratory space was created on site where osteologists could examine the remains and document observations. Analysis of the human remains also occurred after transfer to the Bioanthropology Laboratory at SFSU, where the same methods were followed for individuals that had not been analyzed on site, or where further review was needed. Procedures for on-site laboratory analysis changed as the project grew. Initially, the expected scale of this Project was much smaller. For the first 334 burials, only a cursory analysis was completed on-site, followed by a more thorough analysis after transfer to SFSU. When the scale of the Project became apparent, the on-site laboratory analysis shifted to a much more thorough approach so that each set of remains would be analyzed only once. Working with one individual from one burial at a time, each element was removed from its bag and lightly cleaned using brushes and wooden implements. When there were significant quantities of adhering debris, a 1/8-inch screen was used to separate dirt, pebbles, and wood from the remains. Water and soft brushes were used in some cases to remove dense clay deposits. Each element was inventoried and any evidence of trauma or pathological conditions was noted. Standard measurements were taken when bones were complete and/or the necessary features were preserved. References consulted for interpretation of trauma and pathological conditions included Aufderheide and Rodriguez-Martín (2006), Mann and Hunt (2005), Netter (2003), Ortner (2003), and Waldron (2009). A discussion of criteria for interpretation of trauma and pathological conditions are presented in Sections 5.3.4 and 5.3.5 of this report. The state of preservation of skeletal elements affected the choice of methods for age, sex, and ancestry assessment, as well as the evidence for traumatic injury, pathological conditions or markers of identity. In all cases, the goal of the osteological team was to be as precise as possible without sacrificing accuracy. Unfortunately, the state of preservation was very poor for many of the individuals and analysis could only result in more general findings.